• Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
• Green Tea and Gastric Cancer
• CD138 in Soft Tissue Tumors
• The Early Growth Response Protein 1 (EGR1)
• The Small Accelerator for Death Signaling (SADS)
• Surgical implants and other foreign bodies as carcinogens

• New evidence suggests that women have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer than men who smoked comparable numbers of cigarettes.
  
  

• Analyses of biological markers of cells in urine could predict risk of bladder cancer much earlier than those obtained by conventional screening tests. Such detection at earlier stage can improve bladder cancer control.
  

• Identification of specific molecular markers can be used to predict survival after chemotherapy in advance colon cancer patients. Present study shows that mutations in the repeated sequence of DNA known as microsatellite, when present along with mutation in a growth factor receptor gene, indicates a favorable outcome for adjuvant chemotherapy. Microsatellie-stable cancer with intact chromosome 18q is also another pair of molecular markers for favorable outcome.
  

• Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of developing head and neck cancers, especially those of tonsils.
  
  

• Certain enzyme systems, phase 2 enzymes that participate in metabolism of chemicals, can be induced to counteract the effect of many chemical carcinogens. A specific endogenous protein Nrf2 is found to play a central role in this chemopreventative action of the phase 2 enzymes.
  

• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF, also known as vascular permeability factor) is the primary stimulant for the development and maintenance of a vascular network in embryogenesis and the vascularisation of tumors. After an initial period of cell proliferation, further continuous growth requires neo-angiogenesis: the growth of new vasculature sprouting from existing vessels or its formation from circulating endothelial cells. Inhibitors of such angiogenesis are a logical choice for successful cancer treatment. After much initial enthusiasm, the direct administration of antiangiogenic substances has not fulfilled the expectations, which does not rule out the rationale of this approach. VEGF is a vascular growth factor of major importance and requires recognition by receptors. The latter have become targets for interference with angiogenesis, using selective antibodies.
  
  

• A novel chemical, motexafin gadolinium, when administered along with whole brain radiation, improves local tumor control in patients with brain metastases.
  
  

• Estrogen deprivation is a widely accepted approach, beneficial in tumors with some dependency on steroids. In general, estrogen effects on cancer cell receptors can be modulated or abrogated by antiestrogens (such as Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Toremifene and others) or steroid production throughout the body can be stopped by inhibition of the enzyme aromatase. Several new compounds, such as letrozole, anastrozole and vorozole have been recently developed and are being tested in phase III trials. They can be orally administered and are well tolerated.
  

Zolendronate: A Recently Introduced Biphosphonate in Cancer Therapy

Gene Therapy to Correct Chromosomal Fragile Site